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TEXAS |
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TEXAS |
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Texas Cherokees, 1820-1839: A Document for Litigation
(1921), by George W. Fields Compiled and Transcribed by Jeff Bowen Prior to the forced migration of Eastern Cherokee during the "Trail of Tears," several hundred tribesmen migrated to Texas in 1819. Following a brief stopover in Arkansas and then the future site of Dallas, Texas, the Cherokee ultimately established a settlement near present-day Nacogdoches. For the privilege to officially establish this settlement, the tribesmen first petitioned the Spanish government and then--following its war for independence--the leaders of Mexico, and, ultimately, the independent Republic of Texas. Despite negotiating in good faith with each regime--including the Treaty of February 23, 1836, negotiated with Texas president Sam Houston--the Cherokee were ultimately driven off their Texas land in 1839. Most of the Texas Cherokee, who had suffered hundreds of casualties, fled to the Indian [Oklahoma] Territory, once again falling victim to a white government attending to real-estate interests rather than honoring prior agreements with Native Americans. The details of the Cherokee experience in east Texas are described in a legal document filed on behalf of the Cherokee’s descendants by attorney George W. Fields Jr. in 1921. The grandson of Texas Cherokee tribal co-leader Chief Richard Fields, the younger Fields compiled the document to support his--ultimately unsuccessful--suit in the U.S. Supreme Court. Fields was attempting to win compensation for the Texas Cherokee after they had been forced out of Texas. Unpublished for over 80 years, the contents of Fields' account of the Texas Cherokee experience from 1820-1839 has now been transcribed for publication, complete with affidavits and facsimile illustrations, by Mr. Jeff Bowen. In addition to quoting sources documenting the agreements or understandings between the Texas Cherokee and governments in question, Fields' transcript includes a number of newspaper articles published in connection with the suit, illustrations of Chief Bowles and other personalities involved in this episode, correspondence, and a full name index to all the persons--both white and Cherokee--who figure in this forgotten episode in Cherokee history.
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Genealogical Records in Texas The vast genealogical records of Texas are available to the researcher provided he knows how and where to find them. Texas covers a lot of ground, but this guide cuts it right down to size and makes record searching fast and convenient. In text and maps it provides detailed information on the legal and historical background of the state, the origin of each county in the state, the location of the records for each portion of the county before it was organized into its present boundaries, and the specific records available in the various county courthouses, the Texas State Library, the Texas State Archives, and the Texas General Land Office. |
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Republic of Texas Poll
Lists for 1846
It should be
pointed out that a good deal of the 1846 population of Texas derived
from the various settlement schemes which proliferated under the
so-called impresario system, by which contracts for the settlement of
immigrants were awarded to citizen-adventurers and commercial
organizations. Dozens of ambitious contractors followed the example of
Moses Austin, who had very early on petitioned the Mexican government
for impresario rights in the Republic of Texas. From these groups and
independent streams of immigration, and from people already settled in
the former Province, Texas had an aggregate population in 1846 of just
under 150,000. The Poll Lists for 1846 is a very near approximation of
the entire adult male population of the state, and as such it has the
same authority as a reconstructed census. |
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Stephen F. Austin's
Register of Families In 1811 Mexico declared its
independence from Spain and established itself as a republic. The new
government made contracts with Empresarios (contractors) to bring
specific number of families into the State of Coahuila and Texas.
Stephen Austin was the first and most successful of the Empresarios, and
he began granting land to settlers in 1824. Under the terms of a new colonization law of March
24, 1824, Empresarios had to record data on every settler, and this
included the name, marital and family status, place of birth or last
residence, and occupation. Until 1828 Austin himself provided the local
government for his colonies. Apparently he and his secretary maintained
their record book even after a full Mexican local government was
established. The entries continued through February 1836, less than a
week before the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence. The
records, which prior to Mrs. Williams' compilation were accessible only
at the General Land Office in Austin, provide information on about 3,000
Anglo-American settlers of Mexican Texas. "For the genealogist, this list is a superb source
of information, giving as it often does, data on family members as well
as the immigrant."--David B. Gracey, II, Texas State Archives.
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